Quantum Computers are the computers that operates on “Qubits” or Quantum bits. A normal conventional computers which work on binary bit system consists of either ‘0s’ or ‘1s’ . But a Quantum Computer which works on Qubits which are either 0 or 1 or both at a same time.
Let’s get it simple when a coin is spinned we will either get a head or a tail, but while it’s spinning the coin is showing both head and a tail now that’s what a Qubit is.
Nowadays transistors are getting smaller and smaller the size of the smallest transistor is about 1 nanometer very close to the size of an atom which is about 0.1-0.5 nano meters. At this size of an atom the Quantum physics is very different to our normal physics happening around our observable universe.
Atom behaves as a wave or a particle at a same time according to “Hardy’s” paradox of Quantum double slit experiment.
Quantum computer use a single photon, a nucleus or an electron as Qubit under certain given conditions. A qubit generally works on Quantum property of superposition and entanglement.
Consider an Hydrogen atom
At Quantum scale in the hydrogen atom the electron is not actually orbiting at all it’s in it’s superposition, it’s sort of really everywhere in space with more probabilities of being at some place than other, alot like Qubit which is actually 0 and 1 at a same time.
Quantum computers can solve problems that are impossible or would take a traditional computer an impractical amount of time (a billion years) to solve.
Superposition is the term used to describe the quantum state where particles can exist in multiple states at the same time, and which allows quantum computers to look at many different variables at the same time.
Once a stable quantum computer gets developed, expect that machine learning will exponentially accelerate even reducing the time to solve a problem from hundreds of thousands of years to seconds.
Even though a true quantum computer is still not a reality, it’s clear that the race is on.
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